Do You Continue to Use a Broad Spectrum Antibiotics
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The term "broad spectrum antibiotics" was originally used to designate antibiotics that were effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, in contrast to penicillin, which is effective chiefly against gram-positive organisms, and streptomycin, which is active primarily against gram-negative bacteria. The broad spectrum antibiotics have an antimicrobial spectrum which includes some gram-positive and some gram-negative organisms, as well as certain rickettsiae, larger viruses, protozoa, and pleuropneumonia-like organisms. Although the antimicrobial spectra of other antibiotics vary in their breadth of coverage, this article will be limited to a discussion of the tetracyclines and chloramphenicol.
The Tetracyclines There are four basic tetracycline homologues. The first two were prepared entirely by fermentation methods. Chlortetracycline hydrochloride was isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens by Duggar1 in 1948 and oxytetracycline, produced by S rimosus, was introduced in 1950. Tetracycline was prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of the chlorine radical and introduced for clinical use in 1953. Demethylchlortetracycline,
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Kunin, C.M.; Dornbush, A.C.; and Finland, M.: Distribution and Excretion of Four Tetracycline Analogues in Normal Young Men , J Clin Invest 38:1950-1963 ( (Nov) ) 1959.Crossref
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Dimmling, T.: Experimental and Clinical Investigation with Pyrrolidinomethyl Tetracycline , Antibiot Ann 7:350-357, 1959-1960.
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Berk, J.E., and Kantor, S.M.: Demethylchlortetracycline-Induced Fluorescence of Gastric Sediment , JAMA 179:997-1000 ( (March 31) ) 1962.Crossref
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Finland, M.: Medical Progress; Emergence of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria , New Eng J Med 253:909-922 ( (Nov 24) ) 1955.Crossref
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Kunin, C.M., et al: Persistence of Antibiotics in Blood of Patients with Acute Renal Failure. I. Tetracycline and Chlortetracycline , J Clin Invest 38:1487-1497 ( (Sept) ) 1959.Crossref
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Overholt, E.L., et al: Analysis of Forty-Two Cases of Laboratory-Acquired Tularemia: Treatment with Broad Spectrum Antibiotics , Amer J Med 30:785-806 ( (May) ) 1961.Crossref
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